How to solder copper pipe?

To solder copper pipe, you will need the following materials:

1. Copper pipe

2. Flux (soldering paste)

3. Soldering wire (lead-free)

4. Propane torch

5. Emery cloth or fine-grit sandpaper

6. Pipe cutter or hacksaw

7. Pipe cleaning brush or fitting brush

8. Safety goggles

9. Fire-resistant cloth or mat

Here is a step-by-step guide on how to solder copper pipe:

1. Cut the pipe: Measure the required length of copper pipe and mark it. Use a pipe cutter or hacksaw to cut the pipe cleanly and squarely. Ensure that the ends of the pipe are free from burrs or rough edges by using emery cloth or fine-grit sandpaper to smooth them out.

2. Clean the pipe and fittings: Use a pipe cleaning brush or fitting brush to thoroughly clean the inside of the fittings and the outside of the pipe by removing any dirt, grease, or oxidation. This will help ensure a proper connection.

3. Apply flux: Apply flux evenly to the outside of the pipe and the inside of the fitting using a brush or a flux applicator. Flux helps remove oxidation and allows solder to flow smoothly.

4. Assemble the joint: Insert the cleaned end of the pipe into the fitting while making sure it goes in completely. Ensure that the joint is correctly aligned.

5. Heat the joint: Put on safety goggles and set up a fire-resistant cloth or mat under the area you will be soldering. Use a propane torch to heat the joint evenly, moving the flame in a circular motion around the joint. Heat both the fitting and the pipe evenly until the flux starts to bubble and turn brown.

6. Apply solder: Once the joint is heated evenly, touch the soldering wire to the joint where the pipe meets the fitting. As the pipe and fitting heat the solder, it will melt and begin to draw into the joint. Apply enough solder until it fully encircles the joint.

7. Allow the joint to cool: Once the solder has fully flowed into the joint and formed a solid connection, remove the heat source and allow the joint to cool naturally. Do not disturb the joint while it is cooling, as it may cause a weak connection.

8. Clean excess flux: Once the joint has cooled, use a clean cloth or brush to wipe away any excess flux or solder residue. This step is important to maintain the integrity of the joint and prevent future corrosion.

Remember to take necessary safety precautions, such as wearing safety goggles and working in a well-ventilated area. Always follow local codes and regulations when working with plumbing systems.